3 10 132 https://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/files/original/add390edf891e25338722c823b4ec47a.tif 1984de2fc0812b398c89e9a5cda9a32e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Subject The topic of the resource Comics Periodical Description An account of the resource A digital project from Fall 2018 ENG 492H course. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Students from ENG 492H Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Library Special Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Julian C. Chambliss Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Some rights apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Files Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Digital files Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Students from ENG 492H Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Issue #126— Page 17 Subject The topic of the resource Periodical Comic Strips Description An account of the resource This representative article in Amazing Heroes issue 126 is called “The End of the Eternity— The Beginning of a Millennium” by Andy Mangels. The title of the article is in large, bold, capital letters. “The End of Eternity— The Beginning of A” is in italics, and “Millennium” is not, but is in even bolder text than the rest. The article, which is divided into three separate columns, has Andy Mangels’s name on the top of the second in bold letters. The first column contains four different “definitions” of the world “Millennium” (I have definition in quotations because one of them is “DC Comic’s newest cross-over series of eight weekly issues). After this definition, the article itself starts. It discusses the new series brought on by DC called Millennium, an eight-issue series that appeared weekly, and “will change the lives of every man, woman and super-hero on Earth.” It contains a very loose interview (many quotes are incorporated within the piece) with Steve Englehart, who wrote the series. It contains bolded subheadings in italics, with one being present in the third column saying “Those Old Cross-Over Series Blues.” “The End of Eternity— The Beginning of a Millennium” by Andy Mangels perfectly encompasses what issue 126 of Amazing Heroes is all about— the ringing in of a new series, Millennium, and how it signals an overarching change for the comic itself. Once again, it’s important to note the definition of the word “millennium,” which according to Merriam-Webster, is both “a period of great happiness or human perfection” and “a period of 1,000 years.” This introduces the series Millennium as something fantastical, something new and exciting that hasn’t been seen before. A name like that represents something monumental, like a 1,000-year time period itself. Looking into the series directly, it includes the idea of heroes bringing in the start of the newest wave of human evolution. This article is supposed to introduce a series exploring evolution while showing that Amazing Heroes is evolving as well. It presents them as a hip, up-to-date comic that isn’t afraid to cover a crossover series. Considered an “intercompany crossover,” Millennium brought in different superheroes from different comics, creating a new world from combining different worlds. The wikia page specifically for “intercompany crossovers” revealed that it’s normally between two different publishing companies, like Marvel and DC, but Millennium specifically falls under DC’s publishing. This, again, shows that including this article on the series that’s toying with something like an intercompany crossover but not exactly, showing that Amazing Heroes is down for anything new or unheard of to bring in its new era. With the Millennium series itself, its background of ten immortals being chosen to be protected by superheroes themselves is a fresh idea too— the purpose of superheroes is to protect the general public in total, not just a couple of designated people. This fresh idea brings a new plotline to comics, being that superheroes normally serve the needs of all, not just a few people. Steve Englehart, the writer of the series, said in an interview with Ronald Levitt Lanyi that he tries to say something through writing in fantasy. This conveys that through his Millennium series, Englehart isn’t afraid to toy with the new, and say something about politics or society while doing it. While this isn’t something unseen in comics, it proves that he’s willing to “stir the pot” and channel a new message, regardless of what it is. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Dooley, Doug Erb, Kim Thompson, Dave Hall, Donald K. Niven, Audi Paden, Coco Shinomiya, L.M. Gorell, Arlene Easter, Mark Thompson, Rachel Enger Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Special Collections Comic Art, PN6725.A47 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Fantagraphics Books, Inc Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 1st, 1987 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Autumn Miller Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All rights reserved Relation A related resource -http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/21 (Cover) -http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/22 (Table of Contents) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Comic, 6.6x10.3 inches, black and white Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Periodical Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 1987 Amazing Heroes Andy Mangels comics Millennium October Superheroes The End of Eternity— The Beginning of a Millennium https://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/files/original/58413bf05acfcf6e6224efb13938e7a8.tif d9e514acf9bb9d8b597ebde9dcffff2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Subject The topic of the resource Comics Periodical Description An account of the resource A digital project from Fall 2018 ENG 492H course. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Students from ENG 492H Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Library Special Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Julian C. Chambliss Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Some rights apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Files Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Digital files Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Students from ENG 492H Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Issue #12— Cover Subject The topic of the resource Periodical Comic Strips Description An account of the resource The cover of Amazing Heroes issue 12 has “Amazing Heroes” centered on the top of the page in large blue letters. Directly above it in red, it says “This Issue: An Exclusive, Illustrated Interview with The X-Men’s New Superstar Artist: Paul Smith!” On the sides of it in red, it says “No. 12” and denotes that it costs $1.50 in the United States and $1.75 in Canada. The background of the cover is white with yellow lines bursting out from the middle. The central focus of the cover is the X-Men themselves. It features Wolverine, Cyclops, Storm, and Beast, among other heroes as well. They’re all dressed in their respective uniforms, which are in printed in the vibrant colors of blue, yellow, orange, red, and some brown. There are six of them total, and they’re standing in a way that makes them look as if they are team prepared to fight. There is a small, orange box in the bottom left part of the image that says “PMS 4-82.” The cover is relatively simply, letting the X-Men stand alone with little distraction. The purpose of having the X-Men on the cover is to show diversity. In the beginning of the Amazing Heroes series, many of the issues were not specifically tailored to a specific audience of people. Putting the X-Men on the cover is a strategic choice to cater to all audiences, being that in the article “The Racial Politics of X-Men” by Mikhail Lyubansky, he discusses how the series connects the ideas of oppressed mutants and those of marginalized groups, along with bringing into discussion the ideas of tolerance and inclusivity. The second portion of the last sentence is key— pressing the importance of those two makes all readers feel welcomed when they first view this comic. Additionally, in the journal article titled “’A Choice of Weapons’: The X-Men and the Metaphor for Approaches to Racial Equality,” authors Gregory S. Parks and Matthew W. Hughey discusses how the X-Men series brings the topic of race in America into question, and how they portray the “otherness” that society feels others are deemed if they’re not specifically white. Representing a minority group may help Asian, black, Latinx, etc. readers feel welcomed— but because some of the X-Men are white too, it does still make white readers feel welcomed. Proving this point further, in “Who Gets To Be A Superhero? Race and Identity In Comics” by Gene Demby through NPR, Demby initially discusses the cultural importance of the X-Men, and how they’ve often been redrawn to be presented as different races— a form of race-bending. Done by professional comic drawers and fans alike, both feel as if they can connect with the X-Men due to their general adaptability and connection to isolated groups. In Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America by Bradford W. Wright, Wright notes how the mutants were faced with the issue of being feared by the society they most deeply sought to defend (and had low sales, especially at its inception), but that this actually fit the Marvel formula perfectly. Bringing in strong female characters, like Storm, in the X-Men series appealed to the female crowd of readers as well. The undermined and repressed found consolation in the X-Men, so putting them on the cover of an initial issue was a smart move to draw new (and old) readers in. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kim Thompson, Peppy White, J. Collier, Tom Mason, Dwight R. Decker, Jim Korkis, Mindy McAdams, Lou Mougin, Gene Reed, Jeff Albrecht, Mike Cogliandro, Nequi Dharsee, Rudi Franke, Gary Kwapisz, Kevin Nowlan, Sam de la Rosa, Don Rosa, J. Michael Catron Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Special Collections Comic Art, PN6725.A47 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Redbeard, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 1982 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Autumn Miller Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All rights reserved Relation A related resource -http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/25 (Table of Contents) -http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/26 (Representative Page) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Comic (Magazine size), 8.5x11 inches, color Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Periodical Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 1982 Amazing Heroes comics Cover Issue 12 June Paul Smith Superheroes X-Men https://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/files/original/cea9725906c6bbf49d886f88947a96a3.tif f526685b6ea66dc1ca2e3d8e05747209 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Subject The topic of the resource Comics Periodical Description An account of the resource A digital project from Fall 2018 ENG 492H course. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Students from ENG 492H Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Library Special Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Julian C. Chambliss Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Some rights apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Files Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Digital files Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Students from ENG 492H Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Issue #12— Table of Contents Subject The topic of the resource Periodical Comic Strips Description An account of the resource The table of contents of Amazing Heroes issue 12 features a header in the top left-hand corner that says “Amazing Heroes” in bolded letters. Next to it, it has “#12” to denote that it’s issue 12, and below the this it says “June 1982,” denoting when it was published. Below this header, there’s a row consisting of four small drawings that go along with articles in the comic. Along with the drawing, it says the name of the article, the article, a brief description of the article, and the page number it can be found on. The four articles are “The Art of Paul Smith” by Kim Thompson, “Fu Manchu and Son” by Lou Mougin, “Star Wars” by Goodwin and Williamson, and “Star Hawks” by Goodwin and Kane. Below these featured articles, there’s a bolded line dividing the page. Directly below this line, four other articles are listed in a line, with the author/article type and page number listed below it. Below this section, it says “Plus:” with other, smaller articles that are featured in the comic as well. On the bottom of the page in two greyed-out boxes, it has a section where all of the staff who helped create the comic is listed, along with publishing and distribution information. The entire page is printed in black and white. The Contents page is a perfect representation of what the comic you’ll be reading will contain. The headlining articles I mentioned before are crucial in shaping this page into what it is. One of the headlining articles on the Contents page is “The Art of Paul Smith” by Kim Thompson. In further research on Smith, according to his website, paulmartinsmith.com, Smith was involved in working on a final chapter of an X-Men story, and eventually worked on the art for both Uncanny X-Men, issues #165-#175 of X-Men, and had his work reprinted in Essential X-men, Vol. 4. He would also revisit X-Men later on too. His importance within the series makes this article relevant in the Contents section, being that it’s highly connected to the cover. Including an artist who was crucial in the X-Men series creates for an ideal article in this issue, serving as a connector, especially when Amazing Heroes still hadn’t begun tailoring its issues on certain topics. There is also a headlining article titled “Star Hawks” by Goodwin and Kane. Looking into this series further due to having no knowledge about it prior, Star Hawks' page on Penguin Random House revealed that the series hailed from the 1970s and was a science fiction newspaper strip created by Ron Goulart and Gil Kane (one of the authors of the Amazing Heroes articles as well). Being that not many comics are based in science fiction, having an article about one that is, and especially advertising it on the Contents page, draws in a whole entire niche of readers who may not find that their interests are catered to in other comics. This, in turn, is a great marketing strategy. Another headlining article is “Fu Manchu and Son” by Lou Mougin, which discusses the history of a martial arts hero. Though noting that Manchu is a hero, his description in the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, 2nd Edition published by St. James Press denotes him as a classic Chinese villain, one who appears as a stereotype for Asians as well. Though this seems to go against the comic’s overarching theme of inclusivity, it does bring in the element of the “villain” character, and some comic fans may be interested in reading the view that opposes the hero. Additionally, the article “Why Are Comics Still in Search of Cultural Legitimization?” by Thierry Groensteen argues the idea that comics have trouble with being seen as legitimate, but are beginning to be seen as so. This specific Contents page proves that, exposing different parts of the comics world, from villains to heroes to different races, proving that they can be mature and real. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kim Thompson, Peppy White, J. Collier, Tom Mason, Dwight R. Decker, Jim Korkis, Mindy McAdams, Lou Mougin, Gene Reed, Jeff Albrecht, Mike Cogliandro, Nequi Dharsee, Rudi Franke, Gary Kwapisz, Kevin Nowlan, Sam de la Rosa, Don Rosa, J. Michael Catron Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Special Collections Comic Art, PN6725.A47 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Redbeard, Inc Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 1982 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Autumn Miller Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All rights reserved Relation A related resource -http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/24 (Cover) -http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/26 (Representative Page) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Comic (Magazine size), 8.5x11 inches, black and white Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Periodical Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 1982 Amazing Heroes comics Fu Manchu June Star Hawks Star Wars Superheroes X-Men https://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/files/original/e771776efe4eb43533936e28456db039.tif 2dab00c3dfb684a94e901ccc69f9f3c8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Subject The topic of the resource Comics Periodical Description An account of the resource A digital project from Fall 2018 ENG 492H course. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Students from ENG 492H Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Library Special Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Julian C. Chambliss Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Some rights apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Files Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Digital files Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Students from ENG 492H Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Issue #12— Page 73 Subject The topic of the resource Periodical Comic Strips Description An account of the resource This representative article in Amazing Heroes issue 12 is called “The Spirit of Comics Fandom” by T. Casey Brennan. The article is broken up into three columns divided by visible lines with the title, “The Spirit of Comics Fandom” in centered, bold letters at the top. At the beginning of the first column, it gives the author’s name. At the bottom of the page, a graphic runs horizontally and reads in the middle: “A world of adventure is coming. The First,” and “first” is in clunky, bold, capital letters. Each of the three columns contains the article, which goes into detail about the livelihood of the comic fandom. It’s written in a first person point-of-view from the author, T. Casey Brennan. He discusses his own personal experiences in the comic world, and the importance that comic fandoms brought to the industry. The very bottom of the bottom of the page has “June 1982” featured on the lower left-hand corner and “73” on the lower right-hand corner. The entirety of the page is in black and white and doesn’t have any graphics of superheroes. “The Spirit of Comics Fandom” by T. Casey Brennan perfectly encompasses what issue 12 of Amazing Heroes is all about— the fans, and how to appeal to them. Essentially, it showcases the history and importance of comic fans on the comic book industry. In an article titled “An Interview with Fansplaining’s Flourish Klink and Elizabeth Minkel (Part Two)” by Henry Jenkins, Minkel mentions how fandoms, in their fan works, often bring the concepts of queer shipping, queer representation, and topics including racism into their works. Essentially, fans bring in topics that are important to them into their favorite comics, making them even more personal than they already are— which in turn makes the comic’s industry rooted within the fans. Additionally, in the article “Fandom and Participatory Culture” through Grinnell College discusses the element of participatory culture that fandoms focus on— being that they’re not just consumers, but creators. This, again, supports the idea that this beginning issue was targeted toward the fans. Amazing Heroes wanted to connect with their fans on a deeper level, and what better way to do that than through acknowledging the fans as creators themselves? Adding on to the importance of fandoms and how fans are essentially the entire industry itself, the article “The Super Politics of Comic Book Fandom” by Matthew J. Costello mentions how fans not only transform the characters they write about in the worlds they create, but also the comic industry and art form itself. Putting in an article about fans, who are so crucial in the creation of comics, and legitimizing fandom culture is a great way to draw readers in, especially in a beginning issue. Examining one more article on fandom culture, “Fandoms: Subcultures on the Rise!” by Amy Alessio, Katie LaMantia, and Emily Vinci revealed that fandom culture helps keep comics up-to-date and relatively “hip.” Being that many superheroes have been around since the 1940s and 1950s, fandom culture helps rewrite their tales and keep them relevant— once again, proving how important fandoms are and making fans feel valid. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kim Thompson, Peppy White, J. Collier, Tom Mason, Dwight R. Decker, Jim Korkis, Mindy McAdams, Lou Mougin, Gene Reed, Jeff Albrecht, Mike Cogliandro, Nequi Dharsee, Rudi Franke, Gary Kwapisz, Kevin Nowlan, Sam de la Rosa, Don Rosa, J. Michael Catron Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Special Collections Comic Art, PN6725.A47 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Redbeard, Inc Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 1982 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Autumn Miller Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All rights reserved Relation A related resource -http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/24 (Cover) -http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/25 (Table of Contents) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Comic (Magazine size), 8.5x11 inches, black and white Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Periodical Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 1982 Amazing Heroes comics Fandom June Superheroes T. Casey Brennan The Spirit of Comics Fandom https://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/files/original/9006108dadd8e57502b8de66005937c2.PNG 8ab564469ef923a36f16a049ea0e7ec4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Subject The topic of the resource Comics Periodical Description An account of the resource A digital project from Fall 2018 ENG 492H course. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Students from ENG 492H Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Library Special Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Julian C. Chambliss Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Some rights apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Files Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Digital files Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Students from ENG 492H Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Issue #108 Cover Subject The topic of the resource Periodical Comics Strips Description An account of the resource The cover of Amazing Heroes Issue #108 contains an image of the comic books characters The Question and Captain Atom, both originally developed by Charlton Comics. The background is a kind of turquoise color and is very abstract, with subtle hints of varying shades of yellow, green, and blue. The Question, the hero with no face, is lurching back, as though he has seen something repulsive and/or dangerous. He is surrounded by white swirls, some of which form question marks behind him. The Atom, the character with the red gloves, is jumping into the air with his arms raised, possibly about to battle a foe. He is surrounded by a yellow aura, which extends itself into the title of the fanzine. The two characters are of a similar size, with The Question occupying the lower left corner of the page and Captain Atom on the center-right. The bottom right-hand corner reads “The Question and Captain Atom Reborn,” with a solid yellow background and bold letters. DC Comics' revitalization of the Charlton Comics characters The Question and Captain Atom is reflective of the American attitude toward government during the 1980s. Both characters were created by Steve Ditko in the 1960s for a smaller publishing company called Charlton Comics, but were purchased by DC after financial struggles. DC comics reinvented the characters to align with different perspectives on law and government during the period. During the Reagan era in which these new comics were published, white middle-class Americans wanted more military and police protection due to increased anxiety about drugs and inner-city crime. They also found comfort in vigilante stories, in which brave heroes fought outside the law, taking over when the government failed to protect them. Captain Atom, an Air Force captain working with the American military, represented the first view of the government. In the comics, he only used force when the law gave him permission to do so and had a view of justice that aligned with that of the United States government. He fulfills the readers’ desire for military strength and protection. His alter ego, Allen Adam, was later replaced with Nathaniel Adam, a volunteer for a military experiment, thus complicating the idea of the American military as a source of law and order. The Question, on the other hand, represented the vigilante view of justice. He fought outside of the law, using his personal ideologies to determine who was a villain and when to use violence. The Question fought against corruption and government ineptitude in an increasingly dangerous urban setting, conforming with ideas about vigilantism in comic books and in the real world. He represented a darker side of America that did Captain Atom. The Question fulfilled comic book readers’ need for protection against the perceived dangers of the modern world without being restricted by government red tape. The differences between the two comic book characters reveal contrasting views of justice in the 1980s. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Editor: Mark Wald Art Director: Dale Crain Production Manager: Kim Thompson News Correspondent: J. Collier Production Assistant: Teresa Moore Typesetting: L.M Gorell & Ariene Easter Circulation: Rachel Enger Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Special Collection Comic Art, PN6725.A47 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Fantagraphics Books Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sarah M Geist Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights Restrictions Apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 6 5/8 inches by 10 1/4 inches Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Periodical Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Relation A related resource <a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/30">Amazing Heroes Issue #108 Pg. 53</a><br /><a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/28">Amazing Heroes Issue #108 Table of Contents</a> Captain Atom Charlton corruption DC government justice military Reagan era The Question vigilante https://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/files/original/2bad069d013799c5ddaf0c4de5fb7821.PNG 74535e543e3c077496c3c8736d4fd2b5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Issue #108 Table of Contents Subject The topic of the resource Periodical Comics Strips Description An account of the resource The table of contents of Amazing Heroes Issue #108 contains an image of Vic Sage, otherwise known as the superhero character The Question, holding his coat and saying, “Let’s see how these gimmicks of yours work.” The featured articles of the fanzine include: “That Is The Question” and “Captain of the Atoms,” an explanation of the revitalization of Charlton Comics characters Vic Sage and Captain Atom; “Karl Kesel,” an interview with the comic book inker; “Life After Superman,” a story about all of the men who have played Superman on radio and in television; and “Ten of a Kind,” an anthology of some of the most notable superhero team-ups. The other articles, which seemingly appear regularly in each issue of Amazing Heroes, are: “Editorial,” a “2 Pg. Spread” of the Camp Knight, “Newsline,” “Coming Distractions,” “Comics in Review,” “Departm’t of the Strange” about anti-communist comic books, and “Amazing Readers.” Unlike in most of the fanzine’s other issues, the staff and publication info does not appear in the table of contents, instead of showing up beside the editorial. The many articles in this issue of the fanzine are representative of the culture of creators in the comic book industry. Thanks to innovators like Stan Lee at Marvel, comic book creators were made more visible to the readership. Writers, pencilers, inkers, and editors all received credit on the title page of a comic book, and fans soon developed favorite writers and artists, often purchasing a comic book because a specific writer or artist had worked on it. The image of one or two creative geniuses sitting together in a room and thinking up characters and storylines. Creators such as Steve Ditko and inkers like Karl Kesel were admired for their talent and contributions to the superhero genre. However, the reality of comic book production is often quite different. A team of editors shaping the storyline that they want for a comic book, then an artist draws the panels and a writer adds captions and dialogue, then the pencil drawings are colored by another artist, and the editor approves the comic. Much of comic book production is done alone, with each contributor doing his or her part without consulting the others. This contrasts greatly with creators’ characterization in the greater comic book culture. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Editor: Mark Wald Art Director: Dale Crain Production Manager: Kim Thompson News Correspondent: J. Collier Production Assistant: Teresa Moore Typesetting: L.M Gorell & Ariene Easter Circulation: Rachel Enger Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Special Collection Comic Art, PN6725.A47 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Fantagraphics Books Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sarah M Geist Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights Restrictions Apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 6 5/8 inches by 10 1/4 inches Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Periodical Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Relation A related resource <a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/27">Amazing Heroes Issue #108 Cover</a><br /><a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/30">Amazing Heroes Issue #108 Pg. 53</a> anti-communism artists Cold War comic creators inkers Karl Kesel myth pencilers production propaganda Soviet Union Stan Lee Steve Ditko Vietnam writers https://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/files/original/eeacc587fc71ba2544389541e9690a3d.PNG 87d1b5b1535a3932a76c329548715986 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Subject The topic of the resource Comics Periodical Description An account of the resource A digital project from Fall 2018 ENG 492H course. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Students from ENG 492H Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Library Special Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Julian C. Chambliss Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Some rights apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Files Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Digital files Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Students from ENG 492H Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Issue #108 Pg. 53 Subject The topic of the resource Periodical Comics Strips Description An account of the resource Page 53 of Amazing Heroes Issue #108 is the first page to an article written by Michael Eury, titled “Super-Hero Team-Ups.” It is part of a regular column called “X of a Kind.” The article lists and describes ten significant superhero team-ups, explain that comic publishers released the crossovers and team-ups in order to boost the sales of one or more characters. The team-ups included the piece are “Superman and Batman in ‘Batman—Double for Superman!”, “Kid Flash, Aqualad, and Robin in ‘The Thousand-and-One Dooms of Mr. Twister,” “The Flash and the Doom Patrol in ‘Alias Negative Man,” “Superman and the Flash in ‘Superman’s Race With the Flash,” “Batman and Deadman in ‘The Track of the Hook,” “Green Lantern and Green Arrow in ‘No Evil Shall Escape My Sight,” “Superman and Spider-Man in ‘The Battle of the Century!”, “Spider-Man and Howard the Duck in ‘Panic in the Park,” “Batman and the Hawk and the Dove in ‘Time, See What’s Become of Me. . .”, and “The Thing and Sandman in ‘Time Runs Like Sand!”. The first page of the article displays an image of Batman and Superman coming up with a way to trick Lois Lane into thinking that Bruce Wayne is Superman. The motivations for superhero team-ups mentioned in this article are reflective of the market focus of the comic book industry and the search for ways to satisfy the fans. Because of the growth of the direct market in the 1970s and 1980s, comic books were increasingly marketed toward a niche culture of fans in comic book specialty stores instead of the general newsstand audience. The people who bought one comic book were likely to buy more. Superhero team-ups and crossovers became a trend in the comic book industry during this period. In an effort to increase profits, publishers released more and more team-up titles and crossovers, sometimes having the characters work together and sometimes having them battle each other. Fans loved rooting for their favorite characters in these battles and debating who would win. Additionally, superhero team-ups often resulted in very large sales because fans of one character and fans of the other character would both buy the comic, sometimes increasing the sales of both characters’ individual titles. Publishers also used team-ups to introduce new superhero characters. Pairing a new character with a well-established one was a great way of exposing the superhero to a large audience that might not otherwise have known about it. It was risky to give a new character his or her own comic book title without seeing how readers would react to the hero, so team-ups offered a testing ground for them. Characters that were experiencing a decline in popularity among fans would be featured in the comic title of one the company’s most popular characters. For example, Marvel often used Spider-Man to boost the sales of new and less well-loved superheroes. Comic book companies used team-ups to increase sales and subsequently profits, taking advantage of the new audience of niche fans and the collecting culture that resulted from direct distribution. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Writer: Michael Eury Editor: Mark Wald Art Director: Dale Crain Production Manager: Kim Thompson News Correspondent: J. Collier Production Assistant: Teresa Moore Typesetting: L.M Gorell & Ariene Easter Circulation: Rachel Enger Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Special Collection Comic Art, PN6725.A47 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Fantagraphics Books Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sarah M Geist Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights Restrictions Apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 6 5/8 inches by 10 1/4 inches Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Periodical Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Relation A related resource <a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/28">Amazing Heroes Issue #108 Table of Contents</a><br /><a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/27">Amazing Heroes Issue #108 Cover</a> Batman capitalism collecting crossovers direct market Fandom profit publishing spider-man Superman team-ups teams X of a Kind https://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/files/original/34212284d31e44335ff478e5a7f3de13.PNG 7730a4a82103bbb499c1111b07572fda Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Subject The topic of the resource Comics Periodical Description An account of the resource A digital project from Fall 2018 ENG 492H course. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Students from ENG 492H Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Library Special Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Julian C. Chambliss Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Some rights apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Files Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Digital files Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Students from ENG 492H Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Issue #160 Cover Subject The topic of the resource Periodical Comics Strips Description An account of the resource The cover of Amazing Heroes Issue #160 depicts an image of the French comic book character Valerian standing on a rocky terrain with a red atmosphere and a yellow sun in the background. He is wearing a spacesuit and holding a backpack as he gazes toward the right side of the page. Along the right side of the fanzine, a title states “Special European Issue,” indicating that the issue will include several articles about European comics. There are also a list of some of the items inside the magazine, including “Catalan publisher Bernd Metz on the New Comcat Line,” “Bringing Thorgal to America,” “Dwight Decker on the Hazards of Translating Foreign Comics,” “A Look at European Animation,” and “An Illustrated Guide to All the U.S. Published Eurocomics, from Asterix to Valerian . . . and Beyond!” In the bottom right corner of the page, an announcement for an “Exclusive Interview: Batman Screenwriter Sam Hamm of the Watchmen Movie” is in a box, separating from the articles that go along with the European theme. The character Valerian, created by Pierre Cristin and Jean-Claude Mezieres, is reflective of France’s comic book culture and its differences from the American comic book culture. Valerian tells the story of a boy named Valerian and his friend Laureline, going on adventures throughout space. The comic pulls from the science fiction genre and has been compared to space operas like Star Wars. It has won numerous awards and experiences a wide readership in France, including those with high levels of education. This sets the series apart from comic books in America, which are often viewed as cheap entertainment and are enjoyed by a smaller audience with a focus on fandom. In France, on the other hand, many people read and appreciate comics, with some artists receiving subsidies from the government. The comic industry in France was able to flourish and develop independently from American comics largely due to World War 2, in which both France and Belgium were occupied by Germany. The scarcity of materials like paper and wartime bans prevented the importation of American comics, and when the war ended, the government extended restrictions on American comics, choosing to prioritize nationalism and the preservation of a distinct French culture. Comics are widely appreciated and are seen as the ninth art in France. Thus, the superhero genre is less developed, with more serious comics and graphic novels being distributed. Valerian is not considered a superhero, but his comics are adventure stories, which might explain why that specific French comic is more well known in America than others. It is also significant because its creators continued working on the comic series until its end, with no other head writers or artists. This is very different from the American assembly line model, with contributors coming and going frequently. Cristin’s and Meziere’s Valerian is very representative of the distinct French comic book culture. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Artist: Jean-Claude Mezieres Executive Editor: Kim Thompson Managing Editor: Chris McCubbin Art Director: Lynette Alcorn-McCubbin Editorial Assistance: Rudy Minger News Correspondent: Darren Cranston Production Assistant: Mark Thompson Typesetting: Linda Gorell & Arlene Easter Circulation: Rachel Enger & Carol Kovinick-Hernandez Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Special Collection Comic Art, PN6725.A47 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Fantagraphics Books Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-03 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sarah M Geist Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights Restrictions Apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 6 5/8 inches by 10 1/4 inches Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Periodical Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Relation A related resource <a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/32">Amazing Heroes Issue #160 Table of Contents</a><br /><a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/33">Amazing Heroes Issue #160 Pg. 71</a> Europe foreign France international Laureline ninth art space opera Valerian World War 2 https://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/files/original/d7bd51f006b1a067eeec7339aff8190c.PNG 6a6c3c542deb3d273f3914310e28c511 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Subject The topic of the resource Comics Periodical Description An account of the resource A digital project from Fall 2018 ENG 492H course. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Students from ENG 492H Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Library Special Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Julian C. Chambliss Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Some rights apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Files Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Digital files Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Students from ENG 492H Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Issue #160 Table of Contents Subject The topic of the resource Periodical Comics Strips Description An account of the resource The table of contents of Amazing Heroes Issue #160 is over two pages, the first with featured articles that align with the theme of European comics and the second with additional articles, staff, and publishing information. The first page contains an image of a man with papers flying around him, presumably a European comic books character, and a picture of French character TinTin, dropping a large stack of comic books, and his dog Milou. The featured articles include: “A New World of Comics,” an introduction to European comics; “From Europe with Love,” an interview with Bernd Metz, the creator of the Comcat and Catalan comics; “Approaching Eurocomics,” a guide to English editions of foreign language comics; and “Thorgal Comes to America,” a story of a foreign comic becoming popular in the United States. The additional articles in the fanzine are: “Newsline”; “Coming Distractions,”; “X of a Kind,” a list of ten influential European comics artists; “Backstage,” an interview with Watchmen film writer Sam Hamm; “First Look”; “Doc’s Bookshelf,” an explanation of comic book translation; “Cover Gallery,” “Cartoon Corner,” a story about international animation; “Comics in Review,” “Amazing Readers,” and “Strom’s Index.” The variety of European comic books included in this fanzine is representative of the international comic book culture. French comics make up the majority of those mentioned in this issue, likely because they are the most widely distributed and well known in America. Publishers in France like Catalan and Dargaud have contributed to this by making their comic books available internationally. Additionally, many French scholars regard comics as the ninth art and thus worthy of sharing with others. Despite this, European comics have still had to deal with challenges to their popularity and even existence. Because of Germany’s occupation of much of Europe during World War 2, there was not much exposure to American comics and artistic expression was limited. This had its benefits, as it allowed at least France to cultivate a distinct comic identity outside from the American superhero, including the creation of characters like TinTin and Asterix. There were still some obstacles to reaching prestige with which they are now held by those in academia. Until the 1960s and 1970s, comics in France and other European countries were intended for children. There were large amounts of copies or spoofs of American titles, and there were concerns that this kind of comic art would Americanize children and disrupt the formation of their national identities. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, French comics reached their most productive era but attempts to standardize the industry caused a decline in sales soon thereafter. Increasing globalization allowed for more trade between nations and the spread of comic books internationally. This includes American comics and movies being published in other nations, as well as more access for English speakers to foreign comics, bot translated and in their original language. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Executive Editor: Kim Thompson Managing Editor: Chris McCubbin Art Director: Lynette Alcorn-McCubbin Editorial Assistance: Rudy Minger News Correspondent: Darren Cranston Production Assistant: Mark Thompson Typesetting: Linda Gorell & Arlene Easter Circulation: Rachel Enger & Carol Kovinick-Hernandez Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Special Collection Comic Art, PN6725.A47 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Fantagraphics Books Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-03 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sarah M Geist Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights Restrictions Apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 6 5/8 inches by 10 1/4 inches Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Periodical Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Relation A related resource <a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/31">Amazing Heroes Issue #160 Cover</a><br /><a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/33">Amazing Heroes Issue #160 Pg. 71</a> Catalan Comcat Europe foreign France globalization international ninth art Thorgal TinTin translation Watchmen World War 2 https://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/files/original/57721a4c93c64d93fb04350fcfc21eb2.PNG 31e61fbe1afe8778bc47172cad556c20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Subject The topic of the resource Comics Periodical Description An account of the resource A digital project from Fall 2018 ENG 492H course. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Students from ENG 492H Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Library Special Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Julian C. Chambliss Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Some rights apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Files Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Digital files Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Students from ENG 492H Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazing Heroes Issue #160 Pg. 71 Subject The topic of the resource Periodical Comics Strips Description An account of the resource Page 71 of Amazing Heroes Issue #160 is the first page to an article written by Dwight Decker, titled “The Treason of the Translator.” It is part of a regular column called “Doc’s Bookshelf.” The article describes the many different challenges to translating foreign comic books into English. These include sounding natural and not like a translation, avoiding errors between words that are similar in one language but not in another, dealing with puns and cultural references that would be unintelligible for foreign readers, national standards for length and word count, words unique to a language that do not have exact translations, speech bubbles needing to remain the same size, and above all, honoring the original authors intentions. Decker describes his personal experiences being criticized for an unnatural sounding comic book translation and maintains that somebody is very unlikely to be able to make a living solely by translating comic books. This is because the volume of foreign comic books being sold in the United States is very low and those that available are often translated by the original publisher. An image of the Disney character $crooge McDuck yelling in confusion accompanies the article. Decker’s explanation of the difficulties in translating foreign comics reveals the differences between the various national comic book cultures throughout the world. Each country that reads comic books has different standards for book size and length, content, artistic style, and much more. The comic book is unique for translators because it depends on the interaction of words and images, not just on one or the other, and because the style of publication varies so greatly. Some comic book cultures emphasize the serial magazine, while others produce primarily short strips or graphic novels. When comic books are translated from one language to another, their size and style of publication may be changed, therefore challenging the translator to include the entire story and the intentions of the original creators within the new length. Additionally, differences between expectations of content can also inform what the translator does with the comic book. Some countries expect comic books to have literary merit, so the translator may change the tone to fit the new audience’s desires. Other nations have strict rules about gender roles, meaning that an American comic might not align with those rules or a foreign comic might not conform to American expectations. Many comics depicting scantily clad women have been censored in Europe, with the translator and the publisher adding more clothing to the image. This all depends on the culture of the country in which the comic is being published. Decker describes instances in which certain cultural references in one comic book would not have made sense in another country or language, and so the translator had to choose between honoring the original and making the comic understandable. Ultimately, comic book translators are forced to choose between copying the comic book exactly and pandering to the new foreign audience. This leads to questions about whether internationally available comics are really translations or if they are adaptations. The many challenges that come with translating a comic book change depending on the language and culture of the new country it is to be published in. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Writer: Dwight R. Decker Executive Editor: Kim Thompson Managing Editor: Chris McCubbin Art Director: Lynette Alcorn-McCubbin Editorial Assistance: Rudy Minger News Correspondent: Darren Cranston Production Assistant: Mark Thompson Typesetting: Linda Gorell & Arlene Easter Circulation: Rachel Enger & Carol Kovinick-Hernandez Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived MSU Special Collection Comic Art, PN6725.A47 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Fantagraphics Books Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-03 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sarah M Geist Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights Restrictions Apply Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 6 5/8 inches by 10 1/4 inches Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Periodical Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-1992 Relation A related resource <a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/31">Amazing Heroes Issue #160 Cover</a><br /><a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/32">Amazing Heroes Issue #160 Table of Contents</a> Doc's Bookshelf Europe foreign France international language translation