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Assistant Editor: J. Collier&#13;
Contributing Writers: Dwight R. Decker, Gail Freeman, Rich Morrissey, Gene Reed, David Singer&#13;
Consulting Editor: Dwight R. Decker&#13;
Art Director: Peppy White&#13;
Contributing Artists: Paul Abrams, Bill Anderson, Willie Blyberg, Rudi Franke, Dennis Fujitake, Mark Heike, Gary Kwapisz, Kurt Lichte, Kevin Nowlan, Mike O'Neal, Charles Treadwell</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>Page 13 of Amazing Heroes’ 8th issue showed off its Comics Report, the title of their brief page of comics-related news coverage. The top third of the page is occupied by an illustrated banner featuring a variety of comic characters from superhero books to newspapers, most of whom are engaging in friendly conversation. The front row of this menagerie includes Albert Alligator and Pogo Possum (from the newspaper strip Pogo), having a friendly chat with Mickey Mouse, while his own duck friend (very likely Donald Duck) is looking off to the right. Also in the front row is a surly Dick Tracy, mimicking his traditional pose with gun in hand, a ditzy woman with a large hairstyle and a surprised expression, and Hägar the Horrible, the cartoon Viking from his eponymous newspaper strip, staring happily at nothing in particular. In the row behind them, from right to left, are the head and creepily extended neck of a bespectacled hero, the grim visage and torso of Tor the savage, a distant Spider-Man with his web firing far above the page, a stoic and cheerful Superman, a distant flying hero enveloped in flames, and a very grumpy duo of Batman and the Hulk refusing to acknowledge the presence of a detailed, enormous, and hideous creature with a piggish face and an absurdly long snout resting his hands on their shoulders. Written on the left side is the caption, “Illustration by Gary Kwapisz,” and this group is huddled behind the large rectangle bearing the name, “Comics Report”. &#13;
&#13;
Below this heading are three columns of text, but only two headlines. The first, “Tarzan and Magnus Artist Russ Manning Dead at 52,” describes the life of Russ Manning, born in 1929, exploring a 15-plus year career as an artist for Dell, and dead from cancer on December 1, 1981. His most well-remembered work is as the co-creator of Magnus, Robot Fighter along with editor Chase Craig, and as the artist for the Tarzan comics after 1965, replacing Jesse Marsh. Below these two columns of writing are two panels from Manning’s run of Tarzan, showing the lithe jungle dweller leaping in the first panel and running in the next, thinking to himself, “Too long have I adventured in strange lands! It is time I returned to the best land of all—home!...The Yeld! It never changes, no matter how long I have been away!” In the top left of the first panel is the credit “By Edgar Rice Burroughs,” and the bottom right of the second panel reads the barely legible, “Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. –All rights reserved ©1967 by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.”&#13;
&#13;
The second article, written in the third and final column, is “Dr. Wertham Dead at 86,” a familiar name to veterans of the comics world. The article discusses his campaigning against the “often shockingly gruesome” comics of the era with his 1954 book Seduction of the Innocent, coupled with his stranger claims of homosexuality in Batman and comparison of Superman and Lee Harvey Oswald, which eventually led to the formation of the Comics Code Authority. Rather than demonizing him, though, the article ends with his statements rejecting the Comics Code and even the formation of viable relationships with members of the comics fandom.&#13;
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                <text>Executive Editor: Kim "Lou" Thompson&#13;
Managing Editor: Chris "John" McCubbin&#13;
Art Director: Lynette "Mo" Alcorn-McCubbin&#13;
Associate Editor: Charles "Sterling" Lieurance&#13;
News Correspondent: Dave "Nico" Hogswid&#13;
Production Assistant: Mark Thompson&#13;
Typesetting: Linda Gorell &amp; Arlene Easter&#13;
Circulation: Rachel Enger &amp; Carol Kovinick-Hernandez</text>
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                <text>Page 13 of Amazing Heroes’ issue from February of 1989 features two news stories, one of which reports the details of an important legal case, while the other announces the reveal of deliberately silly comics concerning skateboards and a lizard woman. The heading of the articles, printed in the top right corner, reads “Newsline,” the title of Amazing Heroes’ journalistic section at the time. The bottom indicates the date of the issue, “February 1, 1989,” and the page number, “13.”&#13;
&#13;
The first article, with its three columns of basic serif text, is entitled, “Bad News from the Obscenity Front: Friendly Franks’ Closes, Comic Legends Proprietors Convicted on Two of Three Counts,” and it details the aftermath of obscenity charges on two comic book shops, Friendly Frank’s in Lansing, Michigan (according to the article), and Comic Legends in Calgary, Alberta. The article describes the story in somber tones, with the closing of Friendly Frank’s and the arrest of the manager, Michael Correa, seen as an injustice towards the comics community and the right to free expression. Attempts to reopen the store have been unsuccessful, and the two remaining stores continued trying to stay afloat. Interestingly, the article states, “Correa was found guilty of the charges in January of ’88 and is currently in the process of appealing the decision with the aid of The Comic Book Legal Defense Fund.” This organization, founded explicitly for this legal battle, was backed and supported by major industry figures, such as Sergio Aragones, Will Eisner, and Frank Miller, and it continued to be a driving force against obscenity charges for the next several decades. Similarly, the article ends with a parallel story in Canada, with, “The two are currently being aided by the Comic Legends Defense Fund, which recently published the all-star benefit comic True North.” This organization, on the other hand, does not have as widely recognized of a reputation.&#13;
&#13;
The next article, which covers the bottom half of this page, is notably lighter, entitled, “Ribit, Shred Offer Broadsword and Skateboard, Urban Warriors.” While the piece is shorter, it is accompanied by three glorious black-and-white panels, captioned with “Frank Thorne’s Ribit!, vanguard of the new skatepunk comics,” which feature a long horizontal panel with a mysterious four-wheeled contraption resembling the head of an insect sweeping energetically to the left and dodging an explosion. The next two panels are more vertical but occupy the same width as the lengthier panel above, and they focus on the escape of a young bikini-and-leg-warmer-clad woman skating to freedom with the assistance of the strange vehicle, which reveals its ability to fly in the final panel. The article discusses the release of two skateboard-based comics in 1989: Frank Thorne’s Ribit!, published by Comico, and DFW Enterprises’ Shred the Skateboard Magazine in a light-hearted and hopeful tone, detailing their strange plots, eccentric casts, and crew of writers and illustrators, making sure the comics community is as ready for the ‘90s as they are.</text>
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Art Director: Dale Crain, Doug Erb&#13;
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Typesetting: L. M. Gorell &amp; Ariene Easter&#13;
Circulation: Rachel Enger</text>
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                <text>The table of contents for Amazing Heroes’ 118th issue is housed in a rectangular box slightly smaller than the overall page, bordered to the edge by a pattern that resembles a large cluster of sprinkles. Headed by a black bar containing basic information about the fanzine’s basic information, “No. 118, Amazing Heroes, June 1,” the word “Contents” is printed in large text, stylistically presiding over the remainder of the page. The list of contents is separated into three columns, although there are only two types of article in the magazine. The first heading is “Features,” which reveals four articles that share a similar theme: “A New Wind from the East,” subtitled “Our specialist on manga previews the three Eclipse titles and puts everything in perspective, by Fred Patten” (page 30), “School for Manga,” subtitled, “The creator of Lone Wolf and Cub teaches a new generation of cartoonists, by J. Collier” (page 42), “Samurai Superstrip,” subtitled, “The history of, and appeal behind, Lone Wolf and Cub, by Vern Grant” (page 46), and “First look,” subtitled “Kamui the Ninja Previewed” (page 52). &#13;
&#13;
Still in the first column, another heading reads “Depts.”, and begins with “Editorial” (page 7), then advances to the middle column with “Newsline” (page 11), “Coming Distractions” (page 17), “Doc’s Bookshelf” (page 63), “Comics in Review,” subtitled “Japanese imports, by Gerard Jones,” another advancement to the third and final column, “Amazing Readers” (page 77), and “Don Rosa’s Information Center” (page 87). Beneath the second and third columns is an illustration from one of the Japanese comics featured, Kamui the Ninja, along with a nearby set of text that tangentially refers to its series, “Our Cover: Kamui the Ninja as painted by Sanpei Shirato. Thanks to Viz Communications for providing the artwork which is ©1986 Sanpei Shirato and Shogakukan.” The illustration displays the same character from the cover, a young, haggard man from Edō period Japan with a patterned robe and wild hair, now being struck with a rudimentary weapon held by an unknown assailant. He is staring down with a sense of confusion and anger as the device, which looks like a hoe manufactured from a stick fastened to a sharper material, is swung at his chest, producing a stylized “THOK” sound effect. Notably, the English sound effect indicates that this comic has been localized for English-speaking audiences, allowing for the easy review and distribution that this fanzine needs.&#13;
&#13;
The theme of this issue is focused heavily on manga, citing a few series published by Eclipse Comics, which, notably, was one of the first publishers to distribute to dedicated comic book shops. Their later deals with Viz Communications (now Viz Media) included the manga referenced in the table of contents, which are some of the first manga ever translated and distributed in the United States. However, the process was tedious, as the pages had to be painstakingly flipped, while sound effects had to be cut out and replaced by their English equivalents.&#13;
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Consulting Editor: Dwight R. Decker&#13;
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&#13;
Below these articles are the “Features,” printed with a similar format but excluding images. They include, “Star Wars by Goodwin and Williamson” (page 7), “Comics Report, The Latest in Comics News” (page 13), “Coming Distractions, Jan./Feb. Comics Checklist” (page 22), and “Star Hawks by Goodwin and Kane” (page 58). Given a space of equal size are further features, now organized in a traditional table of contents format, with the titles and explanations on the left and the page number on the right, preceded by a length of periods. Headed by a “Plus:”, these extra features are “The Collectors: Goofy Comics From The Pen Of Charles Treadwell” (page 39), “The THUNDER Agents: Special Origins Page” (page 45), “Comics Review: The Avengers by Gail Freeman” (page 57), and “Amazing Readers: Letters From All Over” (page 64). Taking up the remaining third of the page are a long list of credits and minutia, including the list of staff, copyright information, and contributor’s info.&#13;
&#13;
This issue of Amazing Heroes speaks to a mix of irreverence and fondness that characterizes comics fandom, with the X-Men, the best-selling comic of the decade, playfully mocked, while the T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents, a comic property from the 1960s sanitized by the Comics Code, is given two major articles that focus on its past and future as a series.&#13;
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Associate Editor: Charles "Sterling" Lieurance&#13;
News Correspondent: Dave "Nico" Hogswid&#13;
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Also represented are two pictures that, together, occupy half of the page’s consumed content. The picture on the top is a single panel of a simplistic comic taken up mainly by text. The image is the backside of a man’s head, decorated with long hair, an elegant moustache, and a strange, European-style hat. The text and surrounding imagery, which contains the Mona Lisa, a color palette, and some unfinished anatomical work, infer the man to be Leonardo da Vinci and the setting to be his studio. A narration box at the top reads, “On Earth, 200 years ago, the scientific artist Leonard da Vinci makes a profound discovery.” A thought bubble extending from da Vinci’s head reads, “Hmmm…with our two eyes we see two scenes at once, and thus perceive three dimensional depth.” This comic panel, taken from a source uncredited in this table, playfully recounts the beginning of representing three dimensions in a two-dimensional medium. &#13;
&#13;
Below this square panel is a long, rectangular photograph of a white man with a rounded face, a short mop of light hair, a proud smile, and casual wear for hot weather, standing beside a rotating stand containing a variety of 3-D comics, including “Electric Fear!”, “Krazy Kat,” “Red Mask,” “DNAgents,” and “Three-Dimensional Seduction of the Innocent!” This man is Ray Zone, considered a pioneer of converting 2-D images to 3-D. Many of the comics on display, such as “Krazy Kat,” were converted into 3-D well after their initial release to great success, a success that it expounded upon in most of this issue’s articles. </text>
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Cover Artist: Sanpei Shirato&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/admin/items/show/100"&gt;Issue #118 Table of Contents&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/103"&gt;Issue #118 Page 14&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This cover of Amazing Heroes features a large red border encompassing a more detailed, painterly piece of artwork. The title of the periodical, “Amazing Heroes” is white with a black shadow, and the details of its release are written in white above, separated by solid circles: “No. 118,” “June 1,” and “$2.50 ($3.75 in Canada)”. The art in question features two characters drawn in a more distinctly Japanese aesthetic and wardrobe, both of whom are leaping towards and away from the viewer. Also inside this enclosed border of art are the black captions, “Special focus on the world of Japanese comic books!” and “Behind the Scenes of Lone Wolf and Cub, Area 88, Kamui the Ninja, and more!”&#13;
&#13;
There is no environment, aside from some orange painterly strokes resembling dim fire, wrapping around and highlighting the characters. Their outlines are not thick or well-defined, and the character artwork as a whole is much looser and roughly colored than their American counterparts. The character in the foreground is a young man with medium-length black hair, tied partially in the back, leaping towards the viewer but making eye contact somewhere in the lower-right. His outfit, which is orange in the light but purple in the dark, is ragged, leaving most of his arms and legs uncovered, aside from some bandages near the extremities. His anatomy is realistically thin and muscular without being exaggerated and highlighted, and his leaping pose is angled counterclockwise. His expression is serious and determined, and his left hand is gripping an era-appropriate Japanese sword, this time angled perpendicular to the character.&#13;
&#13;
The background character is leaping as well, appearing, like the foreground character, ready to initiate an attack on some unseen targets, although he is facing the opposite direction. His outfit, which featured a yellow robe fastened over loose, black under-clothing, is worn, but not to the same degree as the foreground character. His attacking is directed outwards, with his leg and arm extended fully and his sword extended further, while the foregrounded man is more focused, bending his limbs and overall constricting his body. His head is barely visible, receding behind his shoulders, but a mane of black hair can be seen peeking out from behind.&#13;
&#13;
The artist of this piece is Sanpei Shirato, a well-regarded manga artist and social critic whose career in the field began in 1957. One of his works featured in this edition are Kamui the Ninja (also known as Kamui-den, or The Legend of Kamui), a manga series set in Japan’s Edō period that ran from 1964 to 1971. The series featured heavy social commentary that espoused Shirato’s Marxist leanings, as well as the characters depicted on the front cover.&#13;
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Assistant Editor: J. Collier&#13;
Contributing Writers: Dwight R. Decker, Gail Freeman, Rich Morrissey, Gene Reed, David Singer&#13;
Consulting Editor: Dwight R. Decker&#13;
Art Director: Peppy White&#13;
Contributing Artists: Paul Abrams, Bill Anderson, Willie Blyberg, Rudi Franke, Dennis Fujitake, Mark Heike, Gary Kwapisz, Kurt Lichte, Kevin Nowlan, Mike O'Neal, Charles Treadwell</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/99"&gt;Issue 8 Table of Contents&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://chambl91.msu.domains/CriticalFanscape/items/show/102"&gt;Issue 8 Page 13&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The background to this cover is black, while the title, “Amazing Heroes” is printed in bright blue with a thin white outline. To the left of this title is the caption, “The X-Men Sweep the British Eagle Awards!” while the right reveals the price, issue, and the date of the publication’s release, “$1.50” and “No. 8, February,” and both ancillary messages are written in yellow. Matching that color and font is a two-part message, written on the bottom-left and bottom-right corners, respectively: “This issue, we celebrate the return of the mighty T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents…with a hero history and an exclusive preview of their new comic book series!” Just below the title is an important caption, as it is printed in red and fully capitalized: “Watch out world! They’re back!” The entities in question that have returned are a pantheon of colorful heroes, the T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents. &#13;
&#13;
These heroes are five white (or white-coded) male characters emerging confidently from a crater in the wall, implied from its fractured borders to be made of stone. From left to right, their names and descriptions are: Menthor, whose head, masked above the nose with a dark blue cowl and a red circle insignia, and hand, gloved in red, are the only visible parts of him; NoMan, a more mysterious agent with a full blue cloak and a permanent scowl over his steely blue face, along with a right leg with yellow tights stuffed into a leather black boot; Dynamo, the principal character centered on the cover whose pose suggests that he has just begun running, a muscular man with short, coiffed brown hair, a chiseled and confident smile, and a traditional superhero outfit that tightly covers his body fastened with a metallic belt, entirely blue apart from a white stripe that runs through the center; Raven, a leaping man with distinct birdlike elements to his navy blue costume, including makeshift wings that extend from his arms to his torso, and two small decorative wings attached to his helmet and goggles; and finally, Lightning, a prone man preparing to charge, wearing a full yellow bodysuit fastened with a black belt and complete with a goggled helmet with a white lightning bolt logo running vertically across the top. They are all clambering over a portion of the wall that they knocked over to allow for their entrance, and a mysterious dark green hand appears to be leading a crawl from beneath this slab of stone. Also beneath the slab is the artist’s signature, written faintly in white text, “Fujitake ’81,” referencing Dennis Fujitake, a Hawaiian-based comic illustrator known primarily for contributions to fantasy comics.&#13;
&#13;
The T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents (short for The Higher United Nations Defense Enforcement Reserves) are a team of superheroes that debuted in 1965, published by Tower Comics. The team, evidenced from the title, was commissioned by the government, and, not unlike the Fantastic Four released four years earlier, had hero work as a full-time occupation rather than a secret side venture. These characters were traded among publishers for the next five decades, and their latest issue was released by IDW Publishing in 2012.&#13;
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Executive Editor: Kim "Lou" Thompson&#13;
Managing Editor: Chris "John" McCubbin&#13;
Art Director: Lynette "Mo" Alcorn-McCubbin&#13;
Associate Editor: Charles "Sterling" Lieurance&#13;
News Correspondent: Dave "Nico" Hogswid&#13;
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&#13;
The two critics are cartoon representations of Norman and Lenny Maurer, a pair of brothers and publishers that pioneered the process of 3-D conversion with Joe Kubert in 1953. Joe Kubert himself is the third man, the artist being picked apart by the men overseeing him. His signature is in the lower-left of the cover, just above the barcode, and it reads “With regard to Ray “3-D” Zone, Joe Kubert © ‘88” The results were a sales success and continued a trend of 3-D comics that persisted for the next few decades.&#13;
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Encircling them, clockwise from the top left, are Tor, a rough, long-haired barbarian from his namesake’s comic, along with his primate companion and a deadly reptile, the three stooges below him, a cartoon bear, a hard-boiled detective, a grizzled cowboy, an angry man with a top hat, an old man with a beard, a reptile, and another man with a pipe rendered in a more realistic style, and two other characters with hair and a hat that we can only see from behind. A whole crowd of characters in alternating red and blue stretches to the horizon, gradually losing detail and specific character traits until they become simplistic, identical cartoons.&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>1981-1992</text>
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                <text>This issue of Amazing Heroes features a Table of Contents that spans two pages. It is done in black and white ink, with the first page featuring the word “Contents” in a verticle column – white text on a black background – going down the left-hand side of the page. To the right, there are three pictures with article titles and short descriptions. The top article is “Black Orchid in Bloom”, next to a rendition of said character. Underneath this is an animation of an airship, next to the headline “Invasion! Keep Watching the Skies!” Finally, there is a photo of a man in a wide-brimmed hat and a mask screaming “Ebony! Ebony!!” The accompanying title is “Ten Best Non-Powered Heroes”. The other articles in the issue, as seen in the left-hand column of page five, are “Perspective” by Gary D. Robinson (page six), “Newsline” (page seven), “Coming Distractions” (page 13), “Doc’s Bookshelf” by Dwight R. Decker (page 49), “Video Views” by Michael Eury (page 53), “Cover Gallery” by Don Rosa (page 56), “Small Talk” by Edd Vick (page 59), “Comics in Review” (page 63), “Amazing Readers” (page 73), and “Strom’s Index” by David Strom (page 82). The right-hand side lists staff, then contributor info, then an advertisers index, ad rates, and distribution information.&#13;
&#13;
This 1988 issue of Amazing Heroes focuses on weirder elements of comic book culture – the odd artsy-ness of Black Orchid, superheroes without powers, the DC crossover series Invasion!. One noticeable quality found among the Neil Gaiman and Dave McKean-related works is the ethereal “fairy”-ness of it all. Gaiman admittedly was influenced by fairy tales when writing Sandman and Black Orchid, and these influences can be found throughout both the article and the artwork within it. Interestingly, these comics – so impressed upon by fairy tales – were not at all intended for children, as one would think. Instead, Gaiman was seen as a visionary and a pioneer for introducing these elements – fantasy and horror – into his mature comic books. Part of the appeal of his work, especially at its inception, was its combination of grit and fear with creativity and unearthliness. Additionally, Gaiman tends to utilize archetypes to explore themes within his comics; for instance, he considers both the Sandman and Black Orchid to be (relative) archetypes. This allows him to push boundaries and explore their characterization even further, as their status as archetypes makes them easier to understand from the beginning. He makes it so that Sandman, for instance, is not bound by human perspectives or morality; instead, he can provide insight into less heroic actions. Black Orchid, meanwhile, is an opposite archetype; she is innocent and pure, like a child that’s on the cusp of growing up. She is even, at one point, made to explore the Arkham Asylum, as a way of contrasting her good-naturedness with the terror of the asylum. This can be seen in Dave McKean’s art as well; Black Orchid is not shown as tough or as a fighter, but instead always looks anguished and is surrounded by watercolors and other fantasy-esque imagery. Gaiman and McKean utilize fantasy and archetypes to present a revitalized version of comic books, one that appeals to mature audiences.</text>
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        <name>Alan Moore</name>
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